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| SECTION I | ---------------------------------- | GENERAL |
| SECTION II | ---------------------------------- | INFORMATION |
| SECTION III | ---------------------------------- | PRISONER OF WAR, DOCUMENTS. AND MATERIAL |
SECTION I. GENERAL.
51. Terms
a. Combat intelligence is that knowledge of the enemy, the weather, and the terrain which is used to plan and conduct tactical operations within a given area.
b. Counterintelligence in combat includes all measures and actions taken to:
(1) DENY the enemy information of our plans, intentions, and activities.
(2) DETECT the enemy's efforts to obtain information.
(3) DECEIVE the enemy as to our true plans and intentions.
52. Importance
a. The more we know about the enemy and the less he knows about us, the easier he is to defeat.
b. Your commander bases his tactical decisions on combat intelligence. Without adequate combat intelligence, he may be compared to a prizefighter entering the ring blindfolded. In any situation your commander must determine the best way to accomplish the mission. He considers his own troops, the enemy forces, the weather, and the terrain over which he must operate. Information about the enemy and the terrain he controls is the most difficult of all to obtain. You and your fellow soldiers, be collecting and reporting this information, assist your commander in making his decisions (fig. 46).
c. When you prevent the enemy from obtaining information of our forces, you are helping to send him into the ring blindfolded.
<-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --> <-- ---------------------------- SECTION II -------------------------------- --> <-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --> SECTION II. INFORMATION.
53. Types
Information may be positve or negative.
a. Positive information concerns activity that is taking place.
b. Negative information concerns activity which usually should be taking place but is not. For example: A certain amount of activity is normal in any village-adults will be performing routine daily :functions and children will be playing around and near the houses. If you approach a village and observe that few, if any, adults are moving around and that no children are in sight, this may be an indication that enemy forces are nearby.
54. Agencies and Sources
Your commander obtains information from many collection agencies, but you-the combat soldier-are his best agency, whether you are manning an OP, on patrol, or in your position in the squad area. This is true because your closeness to the enemy enables you to observe him and the terrain he controls. You are the commander's best contact with the following sources:
a. Enemy Personnel. Capture enemy soldiers and detain enemy civilians in your area. Turn them over to your squad leader as soon as possible. Report anything they say to you or to each other ( para 58).
b. Enemy Documents. Turn documents over to your squad leader (para 59 and 61).
c. Enemy material. Turn it in or report its description and location to your squad leader.
d. Enemy Activity. Obse1:ve and report what
FIGURE 46. You can help.
the enemy does or fails to do-what, where, when. Report anything you see or hear that seems unusual, no matter how slight. Be curious --almost anything can be important.
e. Local Civilians. When civilians in the area are friendly or when their status is undetermined, as may be the case in counter guerrilla operations, They are not detained unless specific orders to detain them have been issued. These people will normally posses considerable information of local terrain and weather condition: and many will have been in a position to observe enemy activity. Relate any information obtained to your squad leader. Be very careful about acting on information received from local civilians. Their ability to observe and report accurately will vary and the value of their information may be affected by their attitude toward our forces. Any information received from them should, if possible, be confirmed by other means. In counter guerrilla operations, local civilians are a major source of information and their effective use is vital to successful operations.
55. Reports
Report all information as quickly, completely, and accurately as possible. Include WHAT, WHERE, and WHEN. The example report below shows how much detail is included in a complete report-
"Seven men in civilian clothes, one carrying rifle and bandoleer, six carrying farm tools, enter d AP BAO vil1age (BN 223227) by SW gate at 211300 August. Same seven men, all with rifles and bandoleers, left A.P BAO village by NE gate 211330 August, walling NE on l'Oad to TIN LAO (BN 214:230)."
"WHAT ?-Seven men in civilian clothes entered village; same men left village carrying weapons; moved NE on road.
WHERE?,-AP IlA.0 village (BN 223227).
WHEN: ?- 1300- 1330 21 August. (A good way to remember how and what to report about the enemy is to use the letters of the word SALUTE.)
SIZE
ACTIVITY
LOCATION
UNIT
TIME
EQUIPMENT
a. 0ral reports are faster and allow questions to be asked and answered. They may be made in person, or by radio or telephone.
b. Written reports leave the advantage of being delivered to the receiver exactly as prepared by the sender. Whenever possible, use a form such as shown in figure 47.
c. A shell report (shelrep) is a special type of report. It may be oral or written. It is used to report observations of enemy weapons. Use the form shown in figure 48 as the guide. Send in a shelrep even when the information is not complete.
d. Both oral and written reports may be accompanied by maps, photos, overlays, sketches, captured documents, enemy material, or anything else which may assist in conveying the following meaning of the information being reported.
56. How Combat Intelligence Is Produced
a. Battalions and larger units have an intelligence officer (S2 or G2) on the commander's staff. This officer plans for the collection of information, using all available agencies and sources. He records all information received and reviews it for accuracy, value, meaning, and pertinence to his unit. "When the intelligence officer has studied all information and determined how it can affect the accomplishment 0£ the unit's mission, the information becomes combat intelligence.
FIGURE 47. An observer's report form.
b. The intelligence officer uses the combat intelligence produced to inform the commander, the staff, and all units concerned 0£ the weather, the terrain, and what the enemy is capable 0£ doing that will affect the ability 0£ your unit to accomplish its mission.
c. Small unit (platoon/patrol) leaders must be capable 0£ developing "immediate use" intelligence that will contribute to individual and small unit survival and operational success. "Immediate use~' intelligence is developed by application 0£ the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch to obtain and evaluate information of the enemy. The development and employment of "immediate use" intelligence is particularly important to the small unit operating independently or semi-independently, as may often be the case in counter guerrilla operations.
57. Your Role in Counterintelligence.
Your job is to prevent the enemy from obtaining information.
a. Practice the camouflage principles and techniques you have been taught. If the enemy doesn't know your location, he is at a disadvantage.
b. Report suspicious personnel, such as natives loitering in your area.
c. Obey security regulations.
(1) Use proper radiotelephone procedure.
(2) Use the challenge and password properly.
Figure 48. Format for bombing, shelling, mortaring reports (STANAG No. 2008)
(3) Tum in personal letters and pictures when required.
(4) A void keeping diaries in forward areas.
(5) Be careful to whom you talk about military affairs.
d. Obey censorship regulations. Do not use prearranged codes in personal letters in an attempt to give information such as your area of operations, future missions, or unit identification. Any simple code you devise can easily be broken if your letter is intercepted by the enemy.
e. Abide by the Code of Conduct, if captured.
f. Assume that prisoners, and uncleared civilians understand English. Don't make the mistake of assuming that use of English is a "security safeguard."
g. Anticipate enemy use of women, children, and old people to collect information. The enemy is ready to take advantage of your concern and respect for these people.
h. Report to your squad leader any individual, military or civilian, whom you have reason to believe is serving or in sympathy with the enemy.
i. Report any attempt by any unauthorized person to obtain security information or any classified material.
j. Don't become involved in black market activities.
k. Don't become involved in any business activities with civilians or allied personnel.
l. -Don't become romantically involved or establish prolonged relations with women of the civilian population.
m. If capture appears imminent, destroy maps, documents, and any material likely to be of value to the enemy.
<-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- --> <-- ---------------------------- SECTION III ------------------------------ --> <-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- --> SECTION III. PRISONER OF WAR, DOCUMENTS. AND MATERIAL.
58. Prisoners of War
The handling of prisoners of war is governed by international agreement (Geneva Convention Relative to the Tre11tment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949). They must be handled in accordance with these rules (fig. 49)
a. Search prisoners for weapons and documents as soon as you capture them. Take weapons to prevent resistance and take documents, except individual identification papers, to prevent the prisoners from destroying them. Prisoners from whom personal property is taken, including personal documents, should be given a written receipt for the property. Tag documents and other personal property taken so you know which prisoner had them.
Figure 49. When you capture prisoners, remember the five S's rules for search procedures
b. Segregate them into groups: officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, deserters, civilians, females, and political indoctrination personnel. This prevents the leaders from organizing for a mass escape and from making the rest of prisoners security-minded. Keep the prisoners segregated as you evacuate them to the rear.
c. Silence is essential. Do not allow prisoners to talk to each other. This prevents them from planning escape and from cautioning each other on security. Report anything a prisoner says to you or attempts to say to another prisoner.
d. Speed prisoners to the rear. The information they have does no good until obtained by an interrogator and processed.
e. Safeguard the prisoners as you take them to the rear. Make sure they arrive safely. Do not allow anyone to abuse them, but do not allow anyone to give them cigarettes, food, or water.
59. Documents
a. Documents taken from prisoners are tagged with the name of the prisoner, date, time, place of capture, and the unit making the capture. All documents are sent to the rear with the prisoner escort. In the rear area the prisoner is questioned about the information in the document.
b. Documents found on the ground, in enemy command posts, or similar places are identified to show where and when they were found and the unit which found them. Tag these documents and give them to your squad or platoon leader. He gives them to the company commander who immediately sends them to the battalion intelligence officer. The intelligence officer of your unit obtains whatever information he can use and forwards the documents to the division G2.
60. Material
a. Report any new type of weapon or equipment you find to your squad or platoon leader. If it is light enough to be carried and you are certain it is safe and not booby trapped, take it to him and tell him where you got it. He will make sure it gets to the battalion S2. If you cannot carry the item, report it to your squad or platoon leader so he can notify the S2 about it. In that way, we learn of, and perhaps use, any new ideas the enemy has developed.
b. Report new weapons or equipment you serve.
Make notes or sketches to help describe what you saw.
61. Ownership
a. Captured documents and material are the property 0£ the United States. Your leaders will tell you when items can be kept as souvenirs.
b. Do not attempt to keep unauthorized items. They are needed to help your unit accomplish its mission.